The group turns to discuss the idea of the Forms, abstract concepts that exist beyond the physical world, with Socrates arguing that the Forms are more real than physical objects. The body is merely a temporary vessel for the soul, which continues to exist after the body dies. According to Socrates, the soul is immortal and separate from the body. The story of Socrates’ execution day is told in Phaedo, framed as a series of conversations between Socrates and his followers where they engage in a discussion about the nature of the soul and the possibility of its immortality. Phaedo by Plato The School of Plato by Johann Gerhard Huck, 1795 via The British Museum He suggests that true love is more than simply a physical attraction between individuals but also involves a spiritual or intellectual connection.Ĥ. Socrates argues that love is more than just an emotion or a feeling it also serves as a means of accessing higher knowledge and understanding. The central figure of the conversation is Socrates, who challenges the other speakers to transcend preconceived notions of love and uncover its true nature. ![]() ![]() The speeches, which range from humorous to deeply philosophical, delve into different aspects of love, including its physical, emotional, and spiritual dimensions. The Symposium takes place during a… symposium, a traditional type of entertainment in ancient Greece where guests would engage in intellectual discourse while drinking. 1869, via Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe The Symposium by Plato Plato’s Symposium, by Anselm Feuerbach, c. He accepts his fate calmly, demonstrating steadfast adherence to his principles even in the face of unfair punishment.ģ. The dialogue concludes with Socrates being convicted and sentenced to death. Utilizing various rhetorical techniques, Socrates presents a defense of his philosophical beliefs and values, including the pursuit of wisdom, the importance of critical self-examination, and the value of individual conscience over public opinion. In the dialogue, Socrates defends himself against these allegations, arguing that his actions were unharmful and that his teachings were beneficial to the city. The Apology is centered on the trial of Socrates, who was accused, among other accusations, of corrupting the youth and failing to honor the gods of Athens. ![]() The Apology by Plato The Death of Socrates by Jacques Louis David, 1787 via The Metropolitan Museum He also examines the nature of the human soul, the relationship between the individual and the state, and the importance of education and the cultivation of virtue.Ģ. Plato proposes a vision of a utopia in which the rulers are philosopher-kings who are guided by reason to pursue the common good rather than their self-interest. ![]() The dialogue occurs between Socrates and several other speakers, structured around a series of arguments about the characteristics of this ideal society. 428 – 348 BCE) examines issues such as the nature of justice, the ideal society, and the function of the philosopher in contemporary civilization. The Republic is recognized as one of the most significant philosophical texts in the Western tradition. The Republic by Plato The Republic by Plato, via Onedio
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